RESUMO
Objective: To determine the cytotoxicity and effects of graphene oxide (GO) on cellular proliferation of gingival-fibroblasts, pulp-dental cells and human osteoblasts in culture, and to determine the physical, mechanical and biological properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) enriched with GO. Material and Methods: The GO was characterized with SEM. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were determined by the MTT bioassay. The physical mechanical tests (flexural strength and elastic modulus) were carried out with a universal testing machine. Sorption and solubility were determined by weighing before and after drying and immersion in water. Porosity was evaluated by visual inspection. Data were analyzed with Student's t-test and Tukey's posthoc ANOVA. Results: The GO has a heterogeneous morphology and a particle size of 66.67±64.76 µm. GO has a slight to no-cytotoxicity (>50-75% viability) at 1-30 days, and at 24 hours incubation of PMMA with GO significantly stimulates osteoblasts (45±8%, p<0.01). The physical and mechanical properties of PMMA with GO increase considerably without altering sorption, solubility and porosity. Conclusion: GO alone or with PMMA has an acceptable biocompatibility, could contribute to cell proliferation, cell regeneration and improve the physical mechanical properties of PMMA.
Objective: To determine the cytotoxicity and effects of graphene oxide (GO) on cellular proliferation of gingival-fibroblasts, pulpdental cells and human osteoblasts in culture, and to determine the physical, mechanical and biological properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) enriched with GO. Material and Methods: T he G O w as c haracterized with SEM. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were determined by the MTT bioassay. The physical-mechanical tests (flexural strength and elastic modulus) were carried out with a universal testing machine. Sorption and solubility were determined by weighing before and after drying and immersion in water. Porosity was evaluated by visual inspection. Data were analyzed with Student's t-test and Tukey's post-hoc ANOVA. Results: The GO has a heterogeneous morphology and a particle size of 66.67±64.76 ?m. GO has a slight to no-cytotoxicity (>50-75% viability) at 1-30 days, and at 24 hours incubation of PMMA with GO significantly stimulates osteoblasts (45±8%, p<0.01). The physical and mechanical properties of PMMA with GO increase considerably without altering sorption, solubility and porosity. Conclusion: GO alone or with PMMA has an acceptable biocompatibility, could contribute to cell proliferation, cell regeneration and improve the physical-mechanical properties of PMMA.
Assuntos
Humanos , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Polimetil Metacrilato/química , Grafite/química , Osteoblastos , Óxidos , Regeneração , Bioensaio , Proliferação de Células , Resistência à FlexãoRESUMO
Objetivos: Determinar el espesor de tejido dental a través del cual se presente la fotopolimerización de la resina Prime Dent® con mínimo encogimiento y profundidad de curado adecuada. Método: Se obtuvieron 80 láminas de molares de 1, 2, 3 y 4 mm de espesor (20 por grupo). Se midió la contracción y se calculó el encogimiento de la resina polimerizando (Visilux 2, 3 M) a través de cada lámina (60 s, 400 mW/cm2). Se utilizó la técnica de bonded-disc. Se realizaron pruebas de profundidad de curado, midiendo el espesor de resina polimerizada de acuerdo con la especificación No. 27 ADA. Un grupo control sin tejido dental fue preparado para ambas propiedades. Los datos fueron analizados usando ANOVA con prueba de Tukey (p < 0.001). Resultados: Profundidad de curado: a medida que aumentó el espesor, ésta disminuyó, existiendo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en todos los grupos. El espesor que mostró menor encogimiento, cumpliendo con una profundidad de curado adecuada (ADA marca como valor mínimo, 1 mm) fue de 3 mm. Encogimiento: a medida que aumentó el espesor, éste disminuyó, no existiendo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos de 2 y 3 mm. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los resultados, es posible polimerizar a través de un espesor de 3 mm, por lo que no se recomienda polimerizar a través de un espesor de 4 mm. Es necesario obtener más propiedades mecánicas utilizando diferentes espesores de tejido dental.
Objectives: To determine the thickness of dental tissue through which Prime Dent Resin® might exhibit light-polymerization with minimum shrinkage and suitable curing depth. Method: 80 laminae measuring 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm thickness were obtained from molars (20 laminae per group). Contraction was measured and resin shrinkage was calculated by polymerization (Visilux 2, 3 M) though each lamina (60 s, 400 mW/cm2). Bonded-disk technique was used. Depth of curing tests were undertaken by measuring the thickness of polymerized resin according to ADA's specification number 27. A control group without dental tissue was prepared for both properties. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey test (p < 0.001). Results: Curing depth: curing depth decreased as thickness increased. All groups revealed statistically significant differences. The thickness that exhibited lesser shrinkage nonetheless meeting with suitable curing depth (ADA establishes minimum value of 1 mm) was the 3 mm group. Shrinkage: as thickness increased, shrinkage decreased; no statistically significant difference was reported for groups 2 and 3 mm. Conclusions: According to obtained results, it is possible to polymerize through a 3 mm thickness, therefore polymerization is not recommended through a 4 mm depth. It will be necessary to obtain further mechanical properties using different thicknesses of dental tissue.